Marie Curie: A Life (Radcliffe Biography Series)

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In December 1904, Curie gave birth to their second daughter, Ève. [46] She hired Polish governesses to teach her daughters her native language, and sent or took them on visits to Poland. [10] They were given the most important prize in the world for science: the Nobel Prize. Marie was the first woman ever to receive this! Les Palmes de M. Schutz, a French film adapted from a play of the same title, and directed by Claude Pinoteau. Marie Curie is played by Isabelle Huppert. [105]

Persuaded by his father and by Marie, Pierre submitted his doctoral thesis in 1895. It concerned various types of magnetism, and contained a presentation of the connection between temperature and magnetism that is now known as Curie’s Law. In 1896, Marie passed her teacher’s diploma, coming first in her group. Their daughter Irène was born in September 1897. Pierre had managed to arrange that Marie should be allowed to work in the school’s laboratory, and in 1897, she concluded a number of investigations into the magnetic properties of steel on behalf of an industrial association. Deciding after a time to go on doing research, Marie looked around for a subject for a doctoral thesis. She was interred at the cemetery in Sceaux, alongside her husband Pierre. [50] Sixty years later, in 1995, in honour of their achievements, the remains of both were transferred to the Paris Panthéon. Their remains were sealed in a lead lining because of the radioactivity. [79] She became the second woman to be interred at the Panthéon (after Sophie Berthelot) and the first woman to be honoured with interment in the Panthéon on her own merits. [13] Lauren Redniss, Radioactive: Marie and Pierre Curie, a Tale of Love and Fallout, 2011, [104] adapted into the 2019 British film. Marie Curie: The Courage of Knowledge, a European co-production by Marie Noëlle starring Karolina Gruszka. At the prize award ceremony, the president of the Swedish Academy referred in his speech to the old proverb: “union gives strength.” He went on to quote from the Book of Genesis, “It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.”

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While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames, [8] [9] never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland. [10] She named the first chemical element she discovered polonium, after her native country. [a] Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy ( Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anemia likely from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I. [12] In addition to her Nobel Prizes, she received numerous other honours and tributes; in 1995 she became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Paris Panthéon, [13] and Poland declared 2011 the Year of Marie Curie during the International Year of Chemistry. She is the subject of numerous biographical works. The Marie Curie-Sklodowska Medal and Prize, an annual award conferred by the London-based Institute of Physics for distinguished contributions to physics education, was named in her honor. [101] She was the first person to win or share two Nobel Prizes, and remains alone with Linus Pauling as Nobel laureates in two fields each. A delegation of celebrated Polish men of learning, headed by novelist Henryk Sienkiewicz, encouraged her to return to Poland and continue her research in her native country. [17] Curie's second Nobel Prize enabled her to persuade the French government to support the Radium Institute, built in 1914, where research was conducted in chemistry, physics, and medicine. [50] A month after accepting her 1911 Nobel Prize, she was hospitalised with depression and a kidney ailment. For most of 1912, she avoided public life but did spend time in England with her friend and fellow physicist, Hertha Ayrton. She returned to her laboratory only in December, after a break of about 14 months. [55] The Marie Curie Medal, an annual science award established in 1996 and conferred by the Polish Chemical Society, was named after her. [100] This book covers a variety of issues that may affect a child when a person close to them dies, both immediately and in the longer term. It also has practical suggestions and ideas for activities to do together.

In 1920, for the 25th anniversary of the discovery of radium, the French government established a stipend for her; its previous recipient was Louis Pasteur, who had died in 1895. [50] In 1921, she was welcomed triumphantly when she toured the United States to raise funds for research on radium. Mrs. William Brown Meloney, after interviewing Curie, created a Marie Curie Radium Fund and raised money to buy radium, publicising her trip. [50] [63] [c] Nobel Lectures including Presentation Speeches and Laureates’ Biographies, Chemistry 1901-21. Published for the Nobel Foundation in 1967 by Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam-London-New York.

a b L. Pearce Williams (1986). "Curie, Pierre and Marie". Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 8 . Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier, Inc. p.332. L. Pearce Williams (1986). "Curie, Pierre and Marie". Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 8 . Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier, Inc. pp.331–332. a b c Robert William Reid (1974). Marie Curie. New American Library. p.65. ISBN 978-0-00-211539-1. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016 . Retrieved 15 March 2016.

Becquerel’s discovery had not aroused very much attention. When, just a day or so after his discovery, he informed the Monday meeting of l’Académie des Sciences, his colleagues listened politely, then went on to the next item on the agenda. It was Röntgen’s discovery and the possibilities it provided that were the focus of the interest and enthusiasm of researchers. Becquerel himself made certain important observations, for instance that gases through which the rays passed become able to conduct electricity, but he was soon to leave this field. Marie decided to make a systematic investigation of the mysterious “uranium rays”. She had an excellent aid at her disposal – an electrometer for the measurement of weak electrical currents, which was constructed by Pierre and his brother, and was based on the piezoelectric effect. Surprising results Skłodowska had begun her scientific career in Paris with an investigation of the magnetic properties of various steels, commissioned by the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry. [27] That same year, Pierre Curie entered her life: it was their mutual interest in natural sciences that drew them together. [28] Pierre Curie was an instructor at The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution (ESPCI Paris). [14] They were introduced by Polish physicist Józef Wierusz-Kowalski, who had learned that she was looking for a larger laboratory space, something that Wierusz-Kowalski thought Pierre could access. [14] [27] Though Curie did not have a large laboratory, he was able to find some space for Skłodowska where she was able to begin work. [27] Pierre Curie and Marie Skłodowska-Curie, 1895

a b c d e f g h i "Marie Curie– Polish Girlhood (1867–1891) Part 2". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011 . Retrieved 7 November 2011.